Articles on archery
Archery seen through science, and explained simply. Every article starts from the research, from what has been measured in the lab and on the range, and ends with something you can use at your very next session.
- How competitive archers eat: what shooting costs, how much protein they report, what they weigh and who advises them What competitive archers eat, how much protein they report, who advises them and what they weigh: what the studies have measured and where they stop.
- Kisser, cap, shooting shirt and bite plate: what we know about the things archers wear Kisser, cap, shooting shirt and bite plate: what studies have measured, on how many people, and why nobody knows if they are worth points.
- Shoulder pain when you shoot: what the numbers say about archers How many archers have shoulder pain, how bad it is and on which side, and what turns up in those who hurt: what the studies measured and where they stop.
- Does imagining the shot raise your score? What the studies measured Does imagining the shot raise your score? Forty years of studies on archers, from a 1986 correlation to controlled trials, and where the evidence stops.
- The parts of an Olympic recurve bow, one by one The parts of an Olympic recurve bow, from riser and limbs to arrow rest and clicker: what each one is called, what it does and what the rules allow.
- Choking in archery: how common it is, who it happens to and what goes with it How many archers say they fall apart in competition, what those who choke most often have in common, and how much pressure costs on measured scores.
- Exercises, tape and massage for the archer's shoulder: what has been tested Lower trapezius work, scapular stabilisation, bands, kinesiology tape and massage: what they change in archers' shoulders and in the score.
- Eyesight and archery: how much acuity, depth perception and glasses matter for your score Does eyesight limit your score? What studies on archers have measured about acuity, depth perception, uncorrected sight defects and how big the target looks.
- Is archery good for you? What changes in the body of people who shoot, and what does not Strength, heart rate variability, arteries, resting heart rate and blood pressure: what changes in the bodies of archers, according to the measurements.
- Five-all in archery: why it happens, and to whom One match in five between equals ends five-all, and not by chance: it happens to archers who are alike. How often, where in the bracket and why.
- The top qualifier is the best archer once in seven In a simulated top-level field the top qualifier is the best archer 14.2 times in 100. Yet at the major events analysed, gold mostly went to a top-16 qualifier.
- On a level score, counting tens rewards the weaker archer Counting tens breaks ties in archery, yet it reverses exactly where it is used: in the model, on level totals, it picks the better archer 44.7 times in 100.
- I scored more and lost: how the set system works Since 2010 a match has been decided by sets, not by adding up arrows. How it works, how often the lower total wins, and why it happens mostly between equals.
- How many points does it take to tell two archers apart? Two identical top archers finish five points apart on average over 72 arrows, by chance alone. How big a gap you need, and how many competitions prove a gain.
- The shoot-off in archery: what one arrow decides How the shoot-off works after a five-all, how often it picks the more precise archer (55 to 57 times in 100) and what that arrow is worth in competition.
- The string grip: what changes between two fingers, three fingers and the thumb Two fingers, three fingers or the thumb on the string: what studies have measured on grouping, steadiness, muscles and release, and where the data stop.
- The heart at the moment of the shot: slowing, a lower heart rate and diastole Releasing between beats, a heart that slows during the aim, a lower heart rate worth points: what studies have measured of the archer's heart at the shot.
- How long you can hold the bow at full draw: seconds, maximal strength and draw weight How much strength it takes to hold the bow at full draw, what holding time says about your score, and how to read draw weight against maximal strength.
- Supplements in archery: what studies have measured on eyesight, anxiety and tremor Carotenoids with omega-3, L-theanine and jatamansi: what studies in archers have measured, and why none has shown a higher score in archers alone.
- The yumi through engineering: materials, asymmetric limbs, draw force and tenouchi How the Japanese bow works according to the measurements: bamboo and core woods, animal glue, asymmetric limbs, the draw force curve and tenouchi twist.
- The clicker: the science of a tenth of a second What research measures about the clicker: reaction time, the muscles of the release, its weight on the score and what happens to draw length without it.
- Fatigue in archery: when tiredness sets in, and whether it shows in the score What happens to the shoulder, the bow and the score after many arrows: what studies of fatigue in archery have measured, and where the research stops.
- Where to put your attention: internal and external focus in archery Think about the muscles or the sight? General research favoured an external focus, but in archers the score did not change. What changed was the brain's work.
- Draw weight and score in the research: how much do the pounds matter? What studies have measured on draw weight and score: a small effect tied to skill level, top archers' draw weights over time, speed and control.
- Why do your groups open up with distance? Double the distance and the group doubles, or a little more: what geometry and competition scores say, and how to use two distances to find what opens your group.
- Fishtailing and porpoising: what arrow flight says Does your arrow wag sideways or wave up and down? What causes fishtailing and porpoising, which to fix first, and how to confirm it with a bare shaft test.
- The archery coach: how much they matter and what they do on the shooting line What the studies say about archer and coach, and how they communicate in competition: when to step in, when to keep quiet and how much gestures count.
- Does better equipment put points on the scorecard? What shooting machines and archers show Shooting machines, archers handed a bow that is not theirs and blind ratings: what the studies say about how much equipment counts towards your score.
- What a bow is made of: what the materials of limbs, riser, string and arrows change Wood, horn, carbon, glass fibre: what bench tests on limbs, risers, strings and arrows have measured, and how much of it reaches the archer's hand.
- Aiming with one eye shut or both eyes open: what the studies measured Does closing one eye tighten your group? The two studies that measured it disagree, and the few measurements of gaze while aiming say it often does not stay still.
- Why target panic happens (and why calling it mental is not enough) My hypothesis on target panic: under pressure the release de-automatizes, dropping back to conscious control too slow to run it. With what the studies say.
- The bow shoulder: how it rotates, why it rises and how hard it works How to hold the bow shoulder at full draw, why it tends to rise, and what X-rays, electromyography and position-sense tests have measured in archers.
- Which muscles work in an archery shot, and at what share of their maximum Which muscles switch on in an archery shot, in which phase and at what share of their maximum, and why studies give different figures for the same muscle.
- Is there such a thing as an archer's mental profile? What comparisons and questionnaires find Do archers have a different mind from other athletes? What comparisons between sports, mental questionnaires and estimates of the mind's share of score find.
- Competition anxiety: what it costs an archer's score, and when it arrives Does competition anxiety cost archers points? What the studies measured, when in a competition the tension arrives and where the research stops.
- Head-to-head matches and qualification: how much more pressure, and what it costs the arrows Before head-to-head matches, national squad archers are more anxious than before qualification. What it costs the arrows, and why matches produce upsets.
- The archer's paradox: the physics of the flexing arrow At full draw the arrow points to one side and still reaches the centre: how it flexes and clears the riser in the first twenty milliseconds, and how spine matches it to the bow.
- The final pull: what happens in the last millimetres before the clicker How many millimetres and seconds the final pull takes, how it differs between better and worse arrows, and what the aim and the muscles do as the clicker drops.
- How fired up you need to be to shoot well: individual bands, distance and relaxation Is there a right level of arousal for shooting well? What the studies say about individual bands, shooting distance and relaxing before an end.
- How to choose arrow spine and read the manufacturer's chart How to choose arrow spine: what it is, why draw weight at your draw length matters, how to read a manufacturer's chart and how to check it by shooting.
- The compound on the draw: what the cams, the limbs and the nocking point do Compound cams, limbs and nocking point: what shapes the force-draw curve, the let-off and the path of the nock, according to what studies have measured.
- Why do my arrows go left, right, high or low? Where your arrows land is a report: how to read impact patterns, and what the measurements say about the sight, the grip, bow torque and launch speed.
- The bow hand: where it pushes, how much it closes and how much torque matters How the hand sits on the grip, how much expert archers squeeze, and what the measurements say about grip pressure, its consistency and bow torque.
- Dexterity, sensitivity and grip: how archers' hands differ, and how much that weighs on the score Fine dexterity, fingertip sensitivity, grip strength and hold time: how archers' hands differ, and which of these goes with the score among archers.
- Common beginner mistakes in archery and how to avoid them The most common beginner mistakes in archery, from posture and release to equipment, and what the measurements made on beginners actually show.
- Barebow archery: what it is and how you aim without a sight What barebow is, what World Archery, FITARCO, FIARC and IFAA allow, the distances you compete at and how to aim with string walking, face walking and gap.
- At what age can you start archery? A child is not a small adult When children can start archery, which bow young competitors choose, how much draw weight matters and what the data say about pain in young archers.
- Stabilisers in archery: what they actually do, beyond the folklore What research has measured about stabilisers: how the bow moves at release, muscle work, vibration, barebow weights and accuracy.
- Concentration in archery: how it is measured, how much it matters and whether it can be trained What studies on archers say about concentration: how it is measured, whether it tracks score, whether it fades late in a round and whether it can be trained.
- How many arrows per week: what the research says about training volume How many arrows archers really shoot, from club to elite, and what research says about hours and score, fatigue after 100 arrows, injury and load progression.
- Thoracic mobility, diaphragmatic breathing and HRV Thoracic mobility, diaphragmatic breathing and HRV for archers: the exercises, an eight-week protocol and what the studies on archers show.
- Archery distances, target faces and how arrows are scored Distances, faces and scoring in World Archery and FITARCO target archery and IFAA and FIARC field archery: zones, the line, ties and shoot-offs.
- How fast an arrow flies: the metres per second, what decides them and how much they matter on the target How many metres a second recurve and compound arrows fly, what decides launch speed, and how much speed matters on the target and for the score.
- 3D archery vs target archery: technical and tactical differences 3D and target archery compared: unmarked distances and judging them, walking between stations, equipment, the mental side and fitness, with registry data.
- The follow-through: what happens after the arrow has gone In the top archers measured, the arrow leaves the string in about 15 milliseconds. What the body does next, what studies have found and where they stop.
- Field archery: what it is and how to get started Field archery under FITARCO and World Archery, FIARC and IFAA: courses, targets and scoring, unmarked distances, sightless divisions and how to get started.
- Women and archery: score, strength, the menstrual cycle and competition anxiety Score, strength, the menstrual cycle and competition anxiety: what studies have measured in male and female archers, and how much the results weigh.
- How many calories does archery burn, from one arrow to a competition day What one arrow costs at different draw weights, what a tournament day costs, and what the studies say about the intensity of shooting and body weight.
- Are archers athletes? What the measurements say about the physical condition of people who shoot What shooting costs the body, whether the bow makes you stronger and how fit measured archers are: what the studies say about the condition of people who shoot.
- Wind and weather conditions in archery: how to read and manage them How far the wind moves an arrow and why, how many points it costs, how to read and correct for it, and what the data say about rain, cold and heat.
- Running and aerobic fitness: what the studies on archers say Should archers run to shoot better? How much fitness shooting asks for, whether fitter archers score more and what circuits change, from studies on archers.
- Hydration and nutrition on competition day in archery: a practical guide How much to drink and what to eat on competition day in archery: what the day costs, what dehydration changes and what studies on archers have measured.
- Choosing and matching competition arrows Which spine to choose and how alike the arrows in a dozen are: charts, weight, the stiff side of the shaft, straightness and nocks, as studies measure them.
- Is there one correct technique, or only yours? Elite archers do not all shoot the same way: what the studies have measured, what every archer shares and what remains a personal signature.
- Training with a signal: tones, lights and timers that correct the shot A tone on the draw, a light on the bow arm, a timer on the release: what studies of archers have measured about signals that correct the shot.
- Age and performance in archery: what changes with the years Age and archery: what changes with ageing, what the real physiological limits are, and why archery remains one of the most enduring disciplines in sport.
- How much the air slows an arrow down, and what really changes the drag How much speed an arrow loses in flight, how much the shaft, vanes and point add to air drag, and how much of it actually reaches the target.
- EEG and neuroscience in archery: the brain of the elite archer What EEG studies on archers show about the best arrows, differences between levels, theta in beginners and neurofeedback, and how far each finding holds.
- How much does archery cost? What you pay for in the first year How much archery costs in the first year, in FITARCO and FIARC: course, membership, club subscription, medical certificate, equipment and competitions, with official fees where they exist.
- The archer's back: how much draw weight loads it and what the asymmetry of shooting leaves behind How much a 20 to 32 pound bow loads the lower back, why trunk and body mass matter, and what the studies say about asymmetry in archers' bodies.
- Bow tuning in archery: how to tune your bow, backed by science Bow tuning and the research: spine, centre shot, button, nocking point, brace height and tiller. What models and machine tests show, and how precise you need to be.
- Vanes, feathers or Spin Wings: what actually changes Large or small vanes, feathers or plastic, vane angle and orientation on the shaft: what the studies measure, and where research has not yet reached the target.
- Self-confidence and score: what goes together and what comes first Self-confidence and score in archers: what the studies measured, how strong the link is, and why nobody knows whether confidence comes before the points.
- Motor learning in archery: how a movement becomes automatic The three stages of motor learning and what studies on archers show: the brain, movement variability, corrections, goals, video and distance.
- How much energy actually reaches the arrow, and where the rest goes How much of the drawing work reaches the arrow: models say about three quarters, while the few measurements show where the rest goes and what the arrow changes.
- Hands, fingers and calluses: skin, small vessels and injuries in archers who shoot a lot Harder skin, calluses, the small vessels of the fingers and acute injuries: what studies have measured in archers' hands, and how firm the findings are.
- Barebow / instinctive vs Olympic recurve vs compound: differences in the shot, the equipment and the score Recurve, compound and shooting without a sight compared: draw weight, arrow speed and flex, let-off, balance, scoring and injuries in the registry's data.
- Which bow to buy when you start, and when to buy it Which bow to buy when you start archery: why wait, the take-down recurve, draw weight, arrows, and the FITARCO, World Archery, FIARC and IFAA rules.
- Meditation, mindfulness and yoga in archers: what moves and what does not What meditation, mindfulness and yoga change in archers: the studies find more effect on attention and on how archers feel than on the score.
- Target panic in archery: what it is and how to manage it Target panic in archery: what it is, its three forms, how common it is and which remedies help, with the weight each one carries in the studies.
- What happens in the body on competition day: saliva, blood, urine, food and fluids Cortisol, salivary IgA, blood glucose, urinary lactate, food and fluids: what changes in an archer's body on competition day, according to the measurements.
- Do archers shoot worse in competition than in training? The body and the target, measured In competition the heart beats faster, yet measured accuracy does not drop: what studies comparing competition and training show, and where they stop.
- The anchor point in archery: biomechanics and common errors The anchor point in archery: the hand-to-face contact points, how much the string really touches the face, the drawing elbow and shoulder, common errors and how to find the right anchor.
- Foot position: which stance to use and how much weight each foot should carry Square, open or closed: what top archers use, what changing your stance costs and how the weight is split between the feet, according to the studies.
- Does the score drop in the second half of a competition? Fatigue and the scorecard compared In the studies that split a round into two halves, reported fatigue rises and the score does not. What they measured, how firm it is and where they stop.
- Pre-shot routine in archery: how to build one on evidence What to put in a pre-shot routine, how long it should last and what the data say: consistent timing, breathing, target panic and relaxing before the shot.
- Why your score does not tell you whether you are grouping better Your score folds group width and centring into one number. What the studies that recorded where every arrow landed say about the gap between them.
- First adjustments to your bow: what to set and in what order Brace height, tiller, nocking point, centreshot and pressure button, sight marks: what each one is and the order in which to set them on a new bow.
- Sleep and recovery in archery: what the studies on archers show What studies on archers' sleep show: the night before a competition, how long archers sleep, the link with diet and evening habits put to the test.
- How to breathe before you draw: what the studies have measured How much and how fast to breathe before the shot: measurements on the range, where the six-breaths figure comes from, and what changes for anxiety and score.
- When to retire an arrow, and why a shaft snaps on release Which knocks damage an arrow, why a shaft snaps on release, and what the tests say about straightness, wear and defective arrows.
- Caffeine and alcohol in archery: what the science says Caffeine, alcohol, beta-blockers and nicotine in archery: what studies in archers have measured, almost always with a single study per substance.
- How archery is taught: what the studies on beginners say What studies tell anyone teaching archery: how much beginners improve anyway, and what courses, starting distance, videos, goals and mental work add.
- Mental skills training in archery: what the measurements on archers show What has been measured on archers' mental training: score, confidence, anxiety, programme length, mock competitions and each of the tools in turn.
- Types of archery competition: target, indoor, field and 3D Target, indoor, field and 3D in archery's two worlds, FITARCO and World Archery, FIARC and IFAA: distances, targets, arrows and scoring from the official rulebooks.
- Muscle asymmetry in archers: where it shows, where it does not, and whether to train the other side Shooting loads the two sides differently. What studies have measured in archers' arms, fingers and trunk, and whether the other side needs training too.
- Specific strength for archers: 8 exercises and why they matter Eight specific strength exercises for archers, with the numbers behind them: which muscles work in the shot, which equipment to use, how to plan the week.
- The string elbow: where it sits and what changes when it rises Where the string elbow sits in strong archers, whether aligning it with the line of force earns more points, and what changes when it rises.
- The arrow goes by itself: yips and premature release in archery Early release as the studies see it: how archers describe it, how common it is in kyudo, how many get over it and why it differs from the release block.
- Biofeedback and neurofeedback for archers: what changes in the signal and what in the score What studies show on neurofeedback, heart rate biofeedback, computer training and headsets for archers: the trained signal changes, the score far less.
- Muscle synergies in archery: the motor patterns of elite archers Muscle synergies in archery: what changes between elite and novice archers, and what happens on the best arrows, at the clicker and at the release.
- Which arrow drifts least in the wind A thinner shaft or a heavier arrow for windy competitions? What the models say about diameter, mass, speed and a clean exit, and what is still unmeasured.
- Does strength turn into points? The two steps between the gym and the target A strength programme makes an archer stronger, but extra points are a separate question: what the studies have measured and where they stop.
- The release in archery: anatomy of a few milliseconds How the archery release works according to the measurements: how long it lasts, how the fingers open, what the arrow does and what you can train.
- Experts and beginners: what really changes in the shot What an expert archer does that a beginner does not: consistency, muscles, balance, timing and years of practice, and how far the studies support each.
- HRV in archery: what it says about recovery and training load HRV in archery: which index to use, why the weekly average matters and what research says about recovery, training load and heart rate in competition.
- The first arrow of the end: does it score more than the others, and should you shoot it straight away? Does the first arrow of an end score more than the others? Two studies disagree, and on shooting out of breath the evidence gives no answer yet.
- Does archery improve children's attention? What the studies have measured Archery and children's attention: courses with no comparison group show gains, randomised studies find no effect, and only one study looks at grades.
- Periodisation for archers: how to structure the season Periodisation for archers: macro, meso and microcycles applied to archery. How to plan your season to peak at the right time. What the research says.
- What distance to train at: starting close, staying at competition distances or varying them Starting close, staying at competition distances, varying distance or shooting long: what studies on archers have measured, and how firmly.
- Shooting in the heat: how many points go, who loses most and what reduces the loss How many points heat costs in competition, where the loss begins, who loses most and what reduced it across 3,196 professional archers.
- Quiet Eye and Visual Training: the Science of Stable Aiming Quiet eye in archery: what studies on archers have measured, why there is no right duration to chase, and how to work on the gaze before the release.
- Warming up before shooting: what static stretching, dynamic stretching and foam rolling change Static stretching, dynamic stretching or foam rolling before you shoot: what studies on archers measured, how much it moves the score and where the data stop.
- What a top archer scores per arrow, and what level your own score matches How many points per arrow top archers score, how many competitive archers in the studies score, and how many tens the best archers shoot: the ladder by level.
- Posture and stability in archery: what biomechanists reveal Centre of pressure, bow movement while aiming, balance before and after the release, the trunk and balance tests: what the biomechanics of stability measures and how much it weighs on the score.
- How long an archery shot lasts: the timing of each phase and the score How long the wait, the draw, the aim and the follow-through last in an archery shot, and what their timing says about the score of each arrow.
- How to start archery: the club, the beginners' course and the first months How to start archery in FITARCO or FIARC: finding a club, what a beginners' course involves, the safety rules on the range and your first competitions.
- How to improve your archery score: where to start and what to work on How to measure your level, what sets better archers apart and the levers on your score, from release to mind and load, and how well the evidence holds.
- Anthropometry and setup: draw length, arms, bow size How draw length sets arrow length, spine and actual draw weight, and what the studies say about archers' arms, height and body proportions against score.
- Talent identification: tests and assessment batteries What talent tests in archery actually measure: coaches' ratings, physical tests, attention, years of practice and predictive models, and where their limits lie.
- Bow arm tremor in archery: why it happens and how to reduce it Bow arm shake at full draw is two movements, a slow sway and a fast tremor. What the studies measure, where the tremor comes from and how to reduce it.
- Balance, core and proprioception: the training you never see What balance and core exercises change in archers, which test is linked to score, and what shoulder position sense does and does not tell you.
- Aiming time: how long to hold, when to release How long the aim lasts in research, whether holding longer costs points, what happens in the final seconds before release and whether the time limit is enough.
- Dominant eye: how to find it and what to do if it is on the other side How to find your dominant eye and what to do if it is opposite your hand: what studies say about cross-dominance and when changing shooting side makes sense.
- Repeatability and consistency: measuring the steadiness of your shot How repeatable an archer's shot is: what studies say about level, good and bad days, arrows outside the 10, and how to measure consistency on the range.
- Injuries in archery: where they happen and how to prevent them Few serious injuries, frequent overuse: where archers get hurt, what the studies say about risk, and what can be done to prevent the damage.
- The future of archery: technology, research, evolution What has already been measured about technology in archery: virtual reality, sensors, video, the quiet eye, camera scoring and shooting machines.
- Indoor vs outdoor archery: key differences and seasonal adaptations Indoor vs outdoor archery: what changes between 18 and 70 metres, what the only study of the shot at both distances found, and what research says about moving between distances.
- The pre-competition week in archery: what the studies say The week before an archery competition: the taper, the load of a competition day, nerves, social media, sleep and food, and what has been measured.
- Video analysis and self-coaching in archery: the practical guide How to film your own shot and what to look for, what the camera measures badly, when sensors help, and what research says about video, feel and the training journal.
- What draw weight to choose: how to find it and when to change it What draw weight to choose and when to change it: marked versus actual poundage, how much strength to use, three criteria, young archers and each division.
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