At equal performance on a visuospatial task, experienced archers activate the frontal attention areas more
1 study · 43 archers measured
The summary today
There is a single Korean study using functional magnetic resonance imaging: twenty elite female archers, with fifteen years of competition on average and half of them on the national team, against twenty-three women who do not shoot, all doing a visuospatial working memory task. The result on the task does not differ significantly, 47.9 against 40.6 per cent correct (p = 0.29), and neither do the response times; the way of getting there, however, does. The archers activate the middle frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more, switch on areas that stay silent in the others, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and the insula, and switch off the precuneus and cingulate, the areas of mental rest, more strongly; there is no area where the non-archers activate more. The finding runs against the most common idea of neural efficiency, in which the expert works with less brain, and it has two limits that matter: no region survives statistical correction across the whole brain, only correction within areas chosen in advance, and the sample is women only. And the task is on a computer, not shooting.
Also phrased as: "the expert archer's brain"; "neural efficiency in archers"; "fmri and archery"; "working memory in archers"; "archery trains the brain"
In practice
It is said that years of shooting train the brain as well as the body: the experienced archer would have a more organised attention, which carries over beyond the shooting line.
Evidence
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2012
For Archers Published later
20 elite Korean female archers against 23 women who do not shoot, 3-tesla functional imaging during a line-orientation judgement task: in the between-group comparison the archers activate the middle frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more. With correction within areas chosen in advance: left middle frontal gyrus T = 2.97 (p = 0.011), supplementary motor area T = 2.60 (p = 0.022).
Stronger activation and deactivation in archery experts for differential cognitive strategy in visuospatial working memory processing · Jeehye Seo, Yang-Tae Kim, Hui-Jin Song, Hui Joong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Tae-Du Jung, et al.
-
2012
For Archers Published later
In the same study some areas activate only in the archers: the inferior frontal gyrus (cluster of 196 voxels on the left, T = 9.26, and 285 on the right, T = 7.65), the insula and the fusiform gyrus. The archers also switch off the areas of mental rest more strongly, the precuneus and the anterior and posterior cingulate, with differences from T = 2.30 (p = 0.037) to T = 3.16 (p = 0.005).
Stronger activation and deactivation in archery experts for differential cognitive strategy in visuospatial working memory processing · Jeehye Seo, Yang-Tae Kim, Hui-Jin Song, Hui Joong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Tae-Du Jung, et al.
-
2012
Context Archers Published later
In the same study the result on the task does not differ significantly: accuracy 47.91 ± 19.09 per cent in the archers against 40.62 ± 18.52 (p = 0.29), response times 8,405 against 9,129 milliseconds (p = 0.23). The archers have 15 ± 4.3 years of competition, all over ten, and 10 of the 20 are on the national team; age and education are similar in the two groups.
Stronger activation and deactivation in archery experts for differential cognitive strategy in visuospatial working memory processing · Jeehye Seo, Yang-Tae Kim, Hui-Jin Song, Hui Joong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Tae-Du Jung, et al.
-
2012
Context Archers Published later
In the same study no region survives correction for multiple comparisons across the whole brain: the differences appear only with correction restricted to areas chosen in advance. In the other direction, there is no area that the non-archers activate or deactivate more than the archers.
Stronger activation and deactivation in archery experts for differential cognitive strategy in visuospatial working memory processing · Jeehye Seo, Yang-Tae Kim, Hui-Jin Song, Hui Joong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Tae-Du Jung, et al.
-
2012
Context Archers Published later
Across all 43 women, the more the middle frontal gyrus activates and the more the precuneus switches off, the better the performance on the task; the values are given only in a figure.
Stronger activation and deactivation in archery experts for differential cognitive strategy in visuospatial working memory processing · Jeehye Seo, Yang-Tae Kim, Hui-Jin Song, Hui Joong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Tae-Du Jung, et al.
Status history
- 1990 Not studied In the registry's bibliography there was not yet any image of an archer's brain at work, nor any comparison with people who do not shoot: the idea that years of shooting organise attention differently circulated without data.
- 2012 Reported The first image of an archer's brain at work arrives. A functional imaging comparison between twenty elite Korean female archers and twenty-three non-archers: at equal performance on the task the archers activate the middle frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more, switch on areas that stay silent in the others, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and the insula, and switch off the precuneus and cingulate, the areas of mental rest, more strongly. There is no area where the non-archers activate more. Two limits matter: no region survives correction across the whole brain, and the sample is women only. A single cross-sectional study: reported.
Related
Related articles
- Women and archery: score, strength, the menstrual cycle and competition anxietyScore, strength, the menstrual cycle and competition anxiety: what studies have measured in male and female archers, and how much the results weigh.
- EEG and neuroscience in archery: the brain of the elite archerWhat EEG studies on archers show about the best arrows, differences between levels, theta in beginners and neurofeedback, and how far each finding holds.
Research lines
Cite
Campagna, M. (2026). At equal performance on a visuospatial task, experienced archers activate the frontal attention areas more (Version 1). In Evidence Registry. Retrieved 16 October 2026, from https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/expert-archers-frontal-activation
@misc{campagna2026_efficienzacerebralearciere,
author = {Campagna, Matteo},
title = {At equal performance on a visuospatial task, experienced archers activate the frontal attention areas more},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Evidence Registry, matteocampagna.com},
url = {https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/expert-archers-frontal-activation},
note = {Version 1; accessed 2026-10-16}
}
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