https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrows Changes to this claim in Matteo Campagna's evidence registry: its status, its year-by-year history, revisions of the page. en-gb https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrowsFor thirty years the question had no answer because nobody measured the shoulder at a hundred arrows: what was measured was seventy-two arrows with a break in the middle, fifteen shots, ten shots, grip strength after a hundred and forty-four or two hundred arrows, and the signs of fatigue were nearly always absent or muddled. Since 2024 three articles have followed the same twenty Polish club archers, and the registry counts them as a single sample. At a hundred arrows electromyography finds a shift rather than a collapse: the string-arm infraspinatus falls in amplitude and in median frequency, the lower trapezius produces a lower peak, while the deltoids and upper trapezius raise their activation, which is how the body compensates. Even there, though, three parts of the trapezius and the middle deltoid show no change in frequency and the posterior deltoid raises it, running opposite to fatigue. In 2026 the same sample shows that after a hundred arrows the tone, stiffness and elasticity of six muscles do not move, and that for these archers a hundred arrows are not an unusual load but the ordinary session. The same group of archers therefore gives results pointing two ways, and through all of this the score has never been counted.claim:fatica-cento-frecce:revision:2026-09-23:5Wed, 23 Sep 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrows#storiaFor the first time a measured session goes beyond a hundred arrows: sixteen young Turkish archers shoot two hundred arrows between a warm-up and a cool-down, on three different days, and at the end their grip strength on the dynamometer is never lower than at the start. The study measures the hand rather than the shoulder, though, has figures that do not match from one table to the next and appears in a journal with questionable editorial standards: background information, and on the shoulder muscles the question is still without a measurement.claim:fatica-cento-frecce:history_entry:2026-08-05:2017Wed, 05 Aug 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrows#storiaThe first result in the opposite direction arrives, and it comes from the same twenty Polish archers as the 2024 articles: after a hundred arrows the tone, stiffness and elasticity of six shoulder and forearm muscles do not change, across thirty comparisons and with no effect of time after correction, for instance posterior deltoid stiffness going from 293 to 301 newtons per metre. The mechanical properties of a muscle and the electrical signs of fatigue are not the same measure, but they answer the same question, and the same sample now points two ways: at a hundred arrows the electrical signal falls in two muscles while others compensate, yet none of the six becomes measurably different. Contested. The same study also supplies the background figure that was missing, since those archers shoot an average of a hundred and eleven arrows per session once or twice a week, which puts the claim's threshold inside ordinary training.claim:fatica-cento-frecce:status_change:2026-05-26:contestatoTue, 26 May 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrows#storiaThe first study that stops at exactly a hundred arrows arrives: in twenty traditional archers the string-arm infraspinatus falls in amplitude and in median frequency, the lower trapezius produces a lower peak, and meanwhile the deltoids and upper trapezius raise their activation, which is how the body compensates. In the same year a second article on the same twenty archers, which the registry counts together with the first as a single sample, finds higher peaks in the upper and middle trapezius after a hundred arrows and the middle deltoid rising while the infraspinatus falls, and a single case shows the frequency dropping in six muscles out of eight on both sides of the body. Within the main study, though, the three parts of the trapezius and the middle deltoid show no change in frequency and the posterior deltoid raises it: supporting evidence on archers, but not clean, so reported.claim:fatica-cento-frecce:status_change:2026-03-16:riportatoMon, 16 Mar 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/physical-training/fatigue-beyond-100-arrowsclaim:fatica-cento-frecce:new_claim:2026-01-03:non_studiatoSat, 03 Jan 2026 08:00:00 GMT